A History of the Chola Empire of India

A History of the Chola Empire of India No one knows precisely when the first Chola lords took power in the southern purpose of India, yet positively, the Chola Dynasty was built up by the third century BCE, in light of the fact that they are referenced in one of Ashoka the Greats stelae. Not just did the Cholas outlive Ashokas Mauryan Empire, they kept on administering until 1279 CE-more than 1,500 years.â Fun Fact The Cholas administered for over 1,500 years, making them one of the longest-administering families in mankind's history, if not the longest. The Chola Empire was situated in the Kaveri River Valley, which runs southeast through Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and the southern Deccan Plateau to the Bay of Bengal. At its tallness, the Chola Empire controlled southern India and Sri Lanka, yet additionally the Maldives. It took key sea exchanging posts from the Srivijaya Empire what is presently Indonesia, empowering a rich social transfusion in the two bearings, and sent conciliatory and exchanging missions to Chinas Song Dynasty (960 - 1279 CE). Chola History The starting points of the Chola Dynasty are lost to history. The realm is referenced, be that as it may, in early Tamil writing, and on one of the Pillars of Ashoka (273 - 232 BCE). It likewise shows up in the Greco-Roman Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (c. 40 - 60 CE), and in Ptolemys Geography (c. 150 CE). The administering family originated from the Tamil ethnic gathering. Around the year 300 CE, the Pallava and Pandya Kingdoms spread their impact over the greater part of the Tamil heartlands of southern India, and the Cholas went into a decline. They likely filled in as sub-rulers under the new powers, yet they retainedâ enough glory that their little girls regularly wedded in to the Pallava and Pandya families. At the point when war broke out between the Pallava and Pandya realms in around 850 CE, the Cholas held onto their chance. King Vijayalaya denied his Pallava overlord and caught the city of Thanjavur (Tanjore), making it his new capital. This denoted the beginning of the Medieval Chola periodâ and the pinnacle of Chola power. Vijayalayas child, Aditya I, went on to defeatâ the Pandyan Kingdom in 885 and the Pallava Kingdom in 897 CE. His child caught up with the triumph of Sri Lanka in 925; by 985, the Chola Dynasty administered the entirety of the Tamil-talking locales of southern India. The next two rulers, Rajaraja Chola I (r. 985 - 1014 CE) and Rajendra Chola I (r. 1012 - 1044 CE) expanded the realm still further.â Rajaraja Cholas rule denoted the rise of the Chola Empire as a multi-ethnic exchanging colossus. He pushed the domains northern limit out of Tamil grounds to Kalinga in the upper east of Indiaâ and sent his naval force to catch the Maldives and the rich Malabar Coast along the subcontinents southwestern shore. These regions were key focuses along the Indian Ocean exchange routes.â By 1044, Rajendra Chola had pushed the outskirts north to the Ganges River (Ganga), vanquishing the leaders of Bihar and Bengal, and he had additionally taken seaside Myanmar (Burma), the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and key ports in the Indonesian archipelago and Malay Peninsula. It was the principal genuine oceanic domain situated in India. The Chola Empire under Rajendra even demanded tribute from Siam (Thailand) and Cambodia. Cultural and imaginative impacts streamed in the two headings among Indochina and the Indian mainland.â All through the medieval period, in any case, the Cholas had one significant thistle in their side. The Chalukya Empire, in theâ western Deccan Plateau,â rose up occasionally and attempted to lose Chola control. After many years of irregular fighting, the Chalukya realm fallen in 1190. The Chola Empire, notwithstanding, didn't long outlive its gadfly. It was an old adversary that at last did in the Cholas for good. Between 1150 and 1279, the Pandya family accumulated its armed forces and propelled various offers for autonomy in their conventional lands. The Cholas under Rajendra III fell to the Pandyan Empireâ in 1279â and stopped to exist. The Chola Empire left a rich heritage in the Tamil country. It saw superb structural achievements, for example, the Thanjavur Temple, stunning fine art including especially gracefulâ bronze form, and a brilliant period of Tamil writing and poetry. All of these social properties likewise discovered their way into the Southeast Asian creative dictionary, impacting strict craftsmanship and writing from Cambodia to Java.

Impact of Organized Retailing on Unorganized Retailing in India

Retailing is having a significant influence in Indian business development. There are numerous cutting edge business frameworks occurring in Indian market in view of Globalization. In any case, retailing is the preeminent piece of them which is anticipated to have a superior development. At the point when it was said retailing, sorted out and sloppy retailing will come in to picture to discuss. Sloppy retailing is the convention of India and composed retailing was on target from mid 90’s. In this setting composed retailing is progressively developed as of late. Concerns are raised by numerous disorderly retailers that rise of composed retailing is indicating an unfriendly effect on chaotic retail. The book â€Å"Impact of Organized Retailing on Unorganized Sector† examined about the presence of antagonistic effect of composed retailing on disorderly area. This book likewise edified if there exist an antagonistic effect, what amount does sorted out retailing is influencing disorderly division. Diagram: This book from ICRIER examined numerous contemplations to bring the genuine effect of sorted out retailing on disorderly retailing. The creators while examining considered numerous variables like â€Å"Effect on business that how composed retailing is upgrading the openings for work and the development plan. This book additionally gave a thought regarding Impact on Consumers by getting to picture corresponding to investment funds when shopped in composed outlets. The writers of this book even talked about numerous elements out of which fundamentally focused on incomes to the legislature from both sorted out and chaotic retailers. Results from shopper overviews are made to comprehend their investment funds while shopped in composed outlets and which social class of individuals is sparing more from these outlets. End made by the creators incorporated all the specifics referenced previously. Center GOALS: The Core reason for the book is to investigate the constructive outcomes of the composed retailing by contemplating the retail advertise in India. This book likewise planned to answer the contradicting sees on composed retailing to chaotic area. Writers planned the book in estimating the costs sway on purchaser and tax assessment income to the legislature and generally speaking effect on conservative development of retailing in India. The book center objective by investigating every one of these variables is to comprehend the impact on littler retailers in the chaotic segment by sorted out segment. The creators attempted to give subtleties of increment thusly over in disorderly retailing after sorted out retailers stepped in to the Indian retail advertise. The other objective is to comprehend and representation the disorderly retail outlet organizations and how the adjustment in administrations offered by the conventional retailers to contend with sorted out division. The creators likewise delineated the reaction by the sloppy retailers to sorted out area to contend. Backing AND DATA: Numerous reviews are led broadly to comprehend the business effect of disorderly retailers. It was comprehended that disorderly outlets enlist relatives in normal of 1. 5 people for each store. Where they utilize employed work in a normal of 1. 1 for every outlet (ICRIER report 2008). Strikingly there is an auxiliary improvement in by and large work in these tested outlets over the presence of sorted out outlets close by. How ever there has been a general increment in work in chaotic retail field after the presence of sorted out retailers which found the middle value of at 21months. Over everything we can recognize the work development in the customary retail outlets in India expanded by 2. multiple times than prior (ICRIER Retail by Mathew J, Sanghamitra S, pg83). As it was realized composed retailing permitted better business it likewise somehow or another pushed the development of work in disorderly segment. This book likewise indicated that there exists a connection between time of presence of sorted out outlets and work impact. It says, if there exist an unfavorable impact, it takes away with time. Strangely from the nation wide example it was indicated that south and east piece of India has watched an expansion in work (ICRIER report, table 5. 4 and outline 5. 1c, pg84). It is to comprehend after a normal time of 21months there is no antagonistic impact on sloppy segment and they equitably started contending with sorted out outlets. Effect of turnover of sloppy retailing was acutely seen by the creators. Result with national example of chaotic outlets turnover. It was comprehended that there exist a downturn of yearly turnover in sloppy segment at starting tages. In spite of the fact that there is a destruction in yearly turnover, consistent increment in the turnover and benefit also is seen after a normal 21months presence of sorted out retailers (Table 4. 2a, pg84). As indicated by the study table 4. 3a, sloppy retailers have demonstrated various advances taken because of rivalry from sorted out retail, for example, including new product offerings and brands, better presenta tion, redesign of the store, presentation of self assistance, improved home conveyance, more credit deals, acknowledgment of charge cards, and so forth. This permitted shoppers to expend better help from chaotic outlets. The creators likewise recognized that presently 22% of disorderly retailers introduced mechanical offices to offer better support and to speedup the opposition from sorted out retailers. Lift in fares and focal points to the urban makers as far as predominant cost, solid preparing of gracefully chain by the sorted out retailers brought new advancements and decrease in shopper cost. The book even explored the inclination of shoppers for composed and sloppy outlets. Creators tested an across the country information and found that 43% to 46% of composed clients announced that they are burning through 30% of their spending on food and basic food item in sorted out outlets. Customers at disorderly outlets favored 61% of their spending in conventional outlets. Creators featured a significant certainty sorted out retailers are carrying income to the legislature by making good on immense charges and where sloppy retailers don’t make good on any assessments. Suggestions: Of the considerable number of perceptions the creators proposed, Simplification of the permitting and grant framework for composed retail and move towards an across the country uniform authorizing framework in the states to encourage present day retail. Empower co-agents and connections of sloppy retailers for direct obtainment from providers and ranchers. The book additionally recommended guaranteeing better credit accessibility to chaotic retailers from banks and smaller scale credit foundations through imaginative financial arrangements. To help the arrangement of co-employable retailing of customary stores, which thusly can attempt direct obtainment of items from makers and ranchers. They additionally recommended by wiping out mediators, chaotic retail locations can get their provisions at lower costs, while ranchers show signs of improvement costs for their produce. End: Up on investigating and watching the realities it was reasoned that disorderly retailers in the region of sorted out retailers encountered a decrease in their volume of business and benefit in the underlying years after the section of huge composed retailers. The unfavorable effect of deals and benefit on sloppy division debilitates after some time. There were no realities of a decrease in generally speaking work in the sloppy area as a result of the section of sorted out retailers. It was recognized and presumed that there is a serious reaction from customary retailers through improved strategic policies and embracing cutting edge innovations as sorted out retailers. With the section of sorted out retailers it was seen that general spending of purchasers is expanded. It was said that customers are certainly profited by sorted out retailers in various advantages. Through the studies made by ICRIER it was presumed that while all pay bunches spared through composed retail outlets, lower salary bunches are the person who profited. In this manner toward the end it was inferred that sorted out retail is generally increasingly useful to the less well off buyers.

PTSD and the Psychological Effects of Hurricane Katrina

PTSD and the Psychological Effects of Hurricane Katrina PTSD Causes Print PTSD and the Psychological Effects of Hurricane Katrina Natural Disasters and PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on January 29, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children ParkerDeen / Getty Images Near the end of August 2005, Hurricane Katrina slammed into the Gulf Coast, and this event has led many to examine whether there is a relationship between PTSD and Hurricane Katrina. All across the United States, people watched as the citizens of the Gulf Coast attempted to cope with this natural disaster. Hurricane Katrina caused a tremendous amount of physical damage. Entire communities were destroyed. However, we are just beginning to truly understand the psychological impact of this hurricane. The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Mental Health Researchers at the University of New Orleans, the University of Southern Mississippi, Stanford University, and Arizona State University surveyed 386 people who lived in areas that were affected by Hurricane Katrina. They asked them a number of questions about how the hurricane affected them. What they found is alarming. Many people impacted by Hurricane Katrina experienced stressful and traumatic events during and as a result of the hurricane. In fact, people said they experienced, on average, about 2 traumatic events during the course of the storm. Many also said that they had the following experiences: Being separated from their children, friends, neighbors, and relativesHaving their home damaged or destroyedSeeing others who were hurt, sick, or had diedGetting hurt or sickSeeing crime or violence In addition, over 50% of people surveyed also reported that they had the following symptoms of PTSD and general distress: Upsetting memories and thoughts about the hurricaneFeeling upset after being reminded of the hurricaneTrying to avoid thoughts, feelings, and conversations about the eventIncreased irritability and angerWorries that the event could happen againFeeling on edge and tense Finally, they found that residents of Mississippi who were affected by the hurricane had a greater number of PTSD symptoms as compared to people in New Orleans; however, people in Mississippi also were found to have more social support than people in New Orleans. Getting Help It is clear that Hurricane Katrina had a major social and psychological impact on people in the Gulf Coast region of the United States. If you have been affected by Hurricane Katrina or any other natural disaster, there is help available. The National Center for PTSD provides a number of fact sheets on the effects of natural disasters and how to cope with them. They also provide links for people interested in sending help or for those who need help, such as finding loved ones or receiving support.

The Effects Of Neoliberal Ideals On The Portrayal Of Class

The Effect of Neoliberal Ideals on the Portrayal of Class in Reality TV Over the past two decades, reality TV has become an increasingly popular genre of media and a staple in entertainment culture. As reality TV has continued to grow, scholars have become interested in examining the societal effects of the messages that it promotes. Thus, scholarly research in the genre of reality TV examines how the use of neoliberal ideals affects the portrayal of socioeconomic class. This field of study was first founded in the research of neoliberalism’s presence within the media and reality TV. As time has passed, many scholars have narrowed their examination to the portrayal of socioeconomic class that results from the promotion of neoliberal†¦show more content†¦Unlike George Mantsios, Rennels and Edwards focused their work specifically on reality TV. Each author completed case studies of individual reality TV shows; yet they came to the same conclusion that reality TV present s the poor as individuals, or singular families, that can overcome poverty by working hard and adopting traditional â€Å"puritan-esque† values. Here Comes Honey Boo focuses on a southern working-class white family and intentionally emphasizes their lazy lifestyle as well as unconventional behaviors, which implies that their unorthodox lifestyle has lead to their state of poverty (Rennels). Outside of the United States, scholars such as Annabel Tremlett have studied the ways in which class has played into the representation of marginalized minorities, specifically the Gypsy community, in reality TV. Big Fat Gypsy Wedding, â€Å"glosses over social conditions and ignores potential for social and cultural change† (Tremlett 324). The immense poverty found within the Gypsy community is attributed to negative aspects of their culture rather than systemic oppression. Narratives in which the men are â€Å"drinking and fighting† while the women are â€Å"oppressed hous ewives† are common plotlines that contribute to enforcing Gypsies â€Å"otherness† as a reason for their poverty (Tremlett 327). On the other hand, shows such as Extreme Makeover: Home Edition â€Å"present families as private units that must be helped, not by public aid,Show MoreRelatedThe Economic And Social Effects Of Globalization On Jamaica1140 Words   |  5 PagesDebt† is a documentary that examines the economic and social effects of globalization on Jamaica. The movie mainly describes the affects of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank’s structural adjustment programs. While these funds are created to help developing countries become more developed, the documentary shows how the reforms were not successful in Jamaica and put the country in debt. 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Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesaround nation-centered themes such as assimilation, push-pull, national identity, debates over national legislat ion, and diasporas with their attachment to home nations. Enormous and inconclusive social science literatures have tried to gage the effect of immigration and emigration on national economies, political participation, social structures, and national demography. Recent work on â€Å"transnationalism,† â€Å"diaspora,† and migrant networks has tried to move beyond this kind of knowledge, but more

Children of the Forest by Kevin Duffy Essay - 1208 Words

Children of the Forest by Kevin Duffy Children of the Forest is a narrative written by Kevin Duffy. This book is a written testament of an anthropologists everyday dealings with an African tribe by the name of the Mbuti Pygmies. My purpose in this paper is to inform the reader of Kevin Duffys findings while in the Ituri rainforest. Kevin Duffy is one of the first and only scientists to have ever been in close contact with the Mbuti. If an Mbuti tribesman does not want to be found, they simply wont be. The forest in which the Mbuti reside in are simply too dense and dangerous for humans not familiar with the area to enter. Without them he would simply be wandering aimlessly in the forest. It was very important for Kevin†¦show more content†¦Every hunter proceeded with the utmost caution. When an elephant was spotted, everyone stayed back as one of the lead hunters, Arumba, stepped up to take aim at the elephant. The first time, he was unsuccessful because the elephant galloped away right before he had a chance to strike, it took a few more hours to re-track the creature. When it was spotted again Arumba crept up with great stealth and ease and struck the elephant with the spear. Arumbas spear entered deep into the side of its target. The elephant let out a screech of pain and galloped off again. The Mbuti hunters then followed the blood trail of the wounded elephant and waited for it to die. They followed this particular elephant for approximately two hours before it stopped running. Word was sent back to camp that an elephant was wounded and that they should be ready to move very soo n. Later, the elephant was found again, swaying on its feet fighting to stay alive. One of the hunters through a stick and hit the elephant in the head, it simply let out a yell, but did not move. This animal is dead, said one of the hunters. They soon approached it and jabbed it lightly with the spear once more, it didnt even budge. Then the elephant dropped to the ground, it was dead now. Arumba checked to see if the massive animal was really dead one more time by touching the elephants eyelid with his spear, it didnt even blink. The hunt hadShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageshe cannot keep up (literally!) with Dr. Robbin’s accomplishments on the track, Dr. Judge enjoys golf, cooking and baking, literature (he’s a particular fan of Thomas Hardy and is a member of the Thomas Hardy Society), and keeping up with his three children, who range in age from 23 to 9. Preface Welcome to the fifteenth edition of Organizational Behavior! Long considered the standard for all organizational behavior textbooks, this edition continues its tradition of making current, relevant research

Passion That Drives School Leadership Free Essays

Passion That Drives School Leadership As I have read from the article about Passion that Drives School Leadership, the leaders will be effective if he or she is doing work with passion. This article Is Inspiring, informative and challenging to the one aspiring to become a leader. This is Emphasizing the important of passion In leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Passion That Drives School Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now It says that it Is a powerful, Intense emotion or boundless enthusiasm. I can say that If there Is a passion It Is showing of dedication of the leaders doing his work and not all leaders of the efferent school are passionate but according to this article, not all school administrators who lack of passion are losers. Teachers and other school officials and even the superintendent can give best to perform their task with passion. This article Imparted the Indication of administrator who lack of passion. A leader who never prepared everything and never to expend so much time In his duties and responsibility. The one always waits for the free day until he reaches his retirement. This is also mentioning some example of passionate leaders like the superintendent who decided to go back to a classroom teaching and the one who was an accident victim resulting to her disability but she never been hopeless by the obstacle to do her desire to continue teaching behind difficulties. One of the best in this article, it gave of example of intense passion among teachers and school administrators. Passionate leaders spread passion to others through their love of life, doing new hangs, taking risks, being motivated, having a sense of urgency, and reinventing self. It is a long list, but lye narrowed these descriptions of passion down to four, main leadership behaviors. Passionate people are optimistic, have a great story, involve people, and have a simple, recharge strategy. Passion is the power to simplify our work by providing focus and direction. It helps to inspires others and it has an ability to move leaders and their organization from good to great and beyond. The teacher or administrator may retire; but the passion doesn’t. How to cite Passion That Drives School Leadership, Papers

Mobius Strip Essay Example

Mobius Strip Essay In mathematics, the Klein bottle ([kla n]) is a non-orientable surface, informally, a surface (a two-dimensional manifold) with no identifiable inner and outer sides. Other related non-orientable objects include the Mobius strip and the real projective plane. Whereas a Mobius strip is a two-dimensional surface with boundary, a Klein bottle has no boundary. (For comparison, a sphere is an orientable surface with no boundary. ) The Klein bottle was first described in 1882 by the German mathematician Felix Klein. In physics/electro-technology: as compact resonator with the resonance frequency which is half that of identically constructed linear coils * as inductionless resistance. * as superconductors with high transition temperature In chemistry/nano-technology: * as molecular knots with special characteristics (Knotane) * as molecular engines * as graphene volume (nano-graphite) with new electronic characteristics, like helical magnetism. * In a special type of aromaticity: Mobius aromaticity * Charged particles, which were caught in the magnetic field of the earth, can move on a Mobius band. The cyclotide (cyclic protein), active substance of the plant Oldenlandia affinis, contains Mobius topology for the peptide backbone. In mathematics, a cross-cap is a two-dimensional surface that is topologically equivalent (i. e. homeomorphic) to a Mobius strip. The term ‘cross-cap’, however, often implies that the surface has been deformed so that its boundary is an ordinary circle. A cross-cap that has been closed up by gluing a disc to its boundary is an immersion of the real projective plane. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobius Strip specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mobius Strip specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mobius Strip specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Two cross-caps glued together at their boundaries form a Klein bottle. In chemistry, a molecular knot, or knotane, is a mechanically-interlocked molecular architecture. Examples of naturally formed knotanes are DNA and certain proteins. Lactoferrin has an unusual biochemical reactivity compared to its linear analogue. Other synthetic molecular knots have a distinct globular shape and nanometer sized dimensions that make them potential building blocks in nanotechnology. APPLICATION OF BOOLEAN ALGEBRA IN TRAFFIC SIGNALS There are six lights to operate. The Red, Amber, and Green lights in the North-South direction will be designated as R1, A1, G1. Similarly, the lights in the East-West direction will be called R2, A2, and G2. When the digital signals are in the Logic-1 state they turn their respective lights on, otherwise the lights are off. A digital clock signal will be supplied and at each clock pulse the lights should. The design of the circuit that produces the clock pulses at appropriate times will not be considered here. There are two types of road crossing: quiet crossings that use a simple sequence, and busy crossings require a longer (delayed green) sequence. One digital input signal called J (for junction type) will indicate whether the road crossing is considered quiet. J=0 denotes a busy junction and J=1 a quiet one. Thus, we have a one-input, six-output synchronous system to design.