McDonalds French Fries Are Still Not Vegetarian

Most animal-rights activists follow a plant-based diet for ethical reasons and studiously avoid places where meat makes up the bulk of the menu. Still, vegetarians or vegans  occasionally find themselves inclined to sneak into McDonalds for a serving of the famous Golden Arches French fries every now and then. But if theyre serious about living meat-free, they should stop. In spite of numerous protests—and even lawsuits—McDonalds fries are not, and never have been, vegan or vegetarian. But how can that be? you may ask. French fries are made from potatoes and fried in oil, so wheres the harm? (Hint: Its in the oil.) McDonalds Fries in India vs. the U.S. In India, cows are sacred and are not meant for human consumption. Fortunately, in that country, vegetarians can consume all the McDonalds French fries their hearts desire because theyre made of strictly plant-based ingredients. In fact, in India, McDonalds locations do not serve pork or beef products at all. But French fries served at American McDonald’s locations are not vegetarian. Why not, you ask? For decades, McDonald’s fries were cooked in animal fat (lard) which was supposedly what gave them their famous flavor. Eventually, the chain switched to vegetable oil, but customers complained that the fries were no longer as tasty. The companys solution was to add natural beef flavor to the spuds during the production cycle. Whats Your Beef? A Class-Action Lawsuit In 2001, McDonald’s was hit with a class-action lawsuit, led by a group of Hindu customers who felt they were being duped into unwittingly consuming animal products—which is strictly against their religion. Other vegetarians and vegans joined the fight, pointing out that the company was disseminating misleading information. Customers were being told that the French fries were fried in vegetable oil—the inference being that the fries were no longer cooked in lard and were therefore veg-friendly. Admitting that the fries were coated in beef flavoring, McDonalds settled for $10 million, with $6 million going to vegetarian organizations. But they didn’t change their recipe. In fact, their website still lists the ingredients, including beef, for all to see. As a company spokesperson explained: â€Å"With regard to our French fries, any customer in the U.S. who contacts McDonalds USA to ask if they contain beef flavoring is told, Yes. The same McDonalds representative went on to say, We have no plans to change the way we prepare our French fries in the U.S. However, it is important to know that our French fries are prepared differently in other countries.† How the Beef Gets in the Fries In the U.S, McDonalds French fry suppliers add a very small amount of beef flavor to the oil in the par-frying process at the potato processing plant before shipping the fries to individual outlets. Once at the restaurant, the spuds are cooked in vegetable oil. For vegans and vegetarians, this extra step a deal-breaker. How difficult would it be to omit the meat? Probably not that difficult at all, however, the impact on the bottom line could potentially be enormous. In India, where the majority of customers are vegetarian or vegan, not accommodating meat-free food choices doesnt make sense from an economic standpoint. In the United States, however, the opposite is true. If McDonalds started leaving out the signature ingredient thats long given their fries their famous flavor, if you asked Americans, Do you want fries with that? the answer could very well be, No!

An Experiment On The Organic Effect Essay - 830 Words

â€Å"The Organic Effect† is a video that conduct an experiment on a family for two weeks. The video was promoted by an organic food store The Coop grocery in Sweden and the Swedish Environmental Research Institute ( Hall ). In this video a family of five switched from conventional food to organic for two weeks. Before beginning the experiment urine samples were taken and analyzed for conventional pesticides food. It turned out that they had different insecticides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators inside their bodies. The experiment began and everything in the kitchen was replaced from conventional to organic food only ( Hall ). Then Another sample of urine was taken and almost all the pesticides disappeared; the level dropped drastically ( Hall ). At the beginning of the video the mother explained why her family chose to eat conventional food, and it was because it’s less expensive for her big family. However, at the end of the experiment she said that she was r eevaluating her decision because of her children ( Hall ). Kavin Senapathy wrote an article based on the video because the advertisements mislead the public, and they didn’t offer the whole story to the audience (Senapathy ). She explained that the study was done in only one family and they just analyzed the urine for pesticide used on conventional food only and most people didn’t realize that organic agriculture uses pesticides too (Hall ). The company is being suing by Emil Karlsson at Debunking Denialism forShow MoreRelatedHarmful Effects Of Eating Conventional Food1405 Words   |  6 Pageseveryone knows organic foods have increased in popularity with the idea that it’s healthier than conventional foods. But with the lack of proof many people have a hard time backing up this idea. 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Euthanasia Outline Free Essays

Euthanasia:  the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. (The key word here is â€Å"intentional†. If death is not intended, it is not an act of euthanasia)   †¢ Voluntary euthanasia:  When the person who is killed has requested to be killed. We will write a custom essay sample on Euthanasia Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢ Non-voluntary:  When the person who is killed made no request and gave no consent. †¢ Involuntary euthanasia:  When the person who is killed made an expressed wish to the contrary. Assisted suicide:  Someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life with the intention that they will be used for this purpose. When it is a doctor who helps another person to kill themselves it is called â€Å"physician assisted suicide. †Ã‚   †¢ Euthanasia By Action:  Intentionally causing a person’s death by performing an action such as by giving a lethal injection. †¢ Euthanasia By Omission:  Intentionally causing death by not providing necessary and ordinary (usual and customary) care or food and water. 1. Unbearable pain as the reason for euthanasia Probably the major argument in favor of euthanasia is that the person involved is in great pain. Today, advances are constantly being made in the treatment of pain and, as they advance, the case for euthanasia/assisted-suicide is proportionally weakened. Euthanasia advocates stress the cases of unbearable pain as reasons for euthanasia,  but then they soon include a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"drugged† state. I guess that is in case virtually no uncontrolled pain cases can be found – then they can say those people are drugged into a no-pain state but they need to be euthanasiaed from such a state because it is not dignified. See the opening for the slippery slope? How do you measure â€Å"dignity†? No – it will be euthanasia â€Å"on demand†. The pro-euthanasia folks have already started down the slope. They are even now not stoping with â€Å"unbearable pain† – they are alrady including this â€Å"drugged state† and other circumstances. Nearly all pain can be eliminated and – in those rare cases where it can’t be eliminated – it can still be reduced significantly if proper treatment is provided. It is a national and international scandal that so many people do not get adequate pain control. But killing is not the answer to that scandal. The solution is to mandate better education of health care professionals on these crucial issues, to expand access to health care, and to inform patients about their rights as consumers. Everyone – whether it be a person with a life-threatening illness or a chronic condition – has the right to pain relief. With modern advances in pain control, no patient should ever be in excruciating pain. However, most doctors have never had a course in pain management so they’re unaware of what to do. If a patient who is under a doctor’s care is in excruciating pain, there’s definitely a need to find a different doctor. But that doctor should be one who will control the pain, not one who will kill the patient. There are board certified specialists in pain management who will not only help alleviate physical pain but are skilled in providing necessary support to deal with emotional suffering and depression that often accompanies physical pain. 2. Demanding a â€Å"right to commit suicide†Ã‚  Probably the second most common point pro-euthanasia people bring up is this so-called â€Å"right. † But what we are talking about is not giving a right to the person who is killed, but to the person who does the killing. In other words, euthanasia is  not about the right to die. It’s about the right to kill. Euthanasia is not about giving rights to the person who dies but, instead, is about changing the law and public policy so that doctors, relatives and others can directly and intentionally end another person’s life. People do have the power to commit suicide. Suicide and attempted suicide are not criminalized. Suicide is a tragic, individual act. Euthanasia is not about a private act. It’s about letting one person facilitate the death of another. That is a matter of very public concern since it can lead to tremendous abuse, exploitation and erosion of care for the most vulnerable people among us. . Should people be forced to stay alive? No. And neither the law nor medical ethics requires that â€Å"everything be done† to keep a person alive. Insistence, against the patient’s wishes, that death be postponed by every means available is contrary to law and practice. It would also be cruel and inhumane. There comes a time wh en continued attempts to cure are not compassionate, wise, or medically sound. That’s where hospice, including in-home hospice care, can be of such help. That is the time when all efforts should be placed on making the patient’s remaining time comfortable. Then, all interventions should be directed to alleviating pain and other symptoms as well as to the provision of emotional and spiritual support for both the patient and the patient’s loved ones. 14th through 20th Century English Common Law (Excerpt is from the U. S. Supreme Court ruling in the 1997 Washington v. Glucksberg – opinion written by Chief Justice Rehnquist. ) â€Å"More specifically, for over 700 years, the Anglo American common law tradition has punished or otherwise disapproved of both suicide and assisting suicide. † [pic] 19th Century United States (Excerpt is from the U. S. Supreme Court ruling in the 1997 Washington v. Glucksberg – opinion written by Chief Justice Rehnquist. ) That suicide remained a grievous, though nonfelonious, wrong is confirmed by the fact that colonial and early state legislatures and courts did not retreat from prohibiting assisting suicide. Swift, in his early 19th century treatise on the laws of Connecticut, stated that â€Å"[i]f one counsels another to commit suicide, and the other by reason of the advice kills himself, the advisor is guilty of murder as principal. † 2 Z. Swift, A Digest of the Laws of the State of Connecticut 270 (1823). This was the well established common law view, see In re Joseph G. 34 Cal. 3d 429, 434-435, 667 P. 2d 1176, 1179 (1983); Commonwealth v. Mink, 123 Mass. 422, 428 (1877) (â€Å"`Now if the murder of one’s self is felony, the accessory is equally guilty as if he had aided and abetted in the murder'†) (quoting Chief Justice Parker’s charge to the jury in Commonwealth v. Bowen, 13 Mass. 356 (1816)), as was the similar principle that the consent of a homicide victim is â€Å"wholly immaterial to the guilt of the person who cause[d] [his death],† 3 J. Stephen, A History of the Criminal Law of England 16 (1883); see 1 F. Wharton, Criminal Law  §Ã‚ §451-452 (9th ed. 1885); Martin v. Commonwealth, 184 Va. 1009, 1018-1019, 37 S. E. 2d 43, 47 (1946) († `The right to life and to personal security is not only sacred in the estimation of the common law, but it is inalienable’ â€Å"). And the prohibitions against assisting suicide never contained exceptions for those who were near death. Rather, â€Å"[t]he life of those to whom life ha[d] become a burden–of those who [were] hopelessly diseased or fatally wounded–nay, even the lives of criminals condemned to death, [were] under the protection of law, equally as the lives of those who [were] in the full tide of life’s enjoyment, and anxious to continue to live. Blackburn v. State, 23 Ohio St. 146, 163 (1872); see Bowen, supra, at 360 (prisoner who persuaded another to commit suicide could be tried for murder, even though victim was scheduled shortly to be executed). [pic] 1828 – Earliest American statute explicitly to outlaw assisting suicide (Excerpt is from the U. S. Supreme Court ruling in the 1997 Washington v. Glucksberg – opinion written by Chief Justice Rehnquist. ) The earliest American statute explicitly to outlaw assisting suicide was enacted in New York in 1828, Act of Dec. 10, 1828, ch. 20,  §4, 1828 N. Y. Laws 19 (codified at 2 N. Y. Rev. Stat. pt. 4, ch. 1, tit. 2, art. 1,  §7, p. 661 (1829)), and many of the new States and Territories followed New York’s example. Marzen 73-74. Between 1857 and 1865, a New York commission led by Dudley Field drafted a criminal code that prohibited â€Å"aiding† a suicide and, specifically, â€Å"furnish[ing] another person with any deadly weapon or poisonous drug, knowing that such person intends to use such weapon or drug in taking his own life. † Id. , at 76-77. [pic] 20th Century United States (Excerpt is from the U. S. Supreme Court ruling in the 1997 Washington v. Glucksberg – opinion written by Chief Justice Rehnquist. ) Though deeply rooted, the States’ assisted suicide bans have in recent years been reexamined and, generally, reaffirmed. Because of advances in medicine and technology, Americans today are increasingly likely to die in institutions, from chronic illnesses. President’s Comm’n for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Deciding to Forego Life Sustaining Treatment 16-18 (1983). Public concern and democratic action are therefore sharply focused on how best to protect dignity and independence at the end of life, with the result that there have been many significant changes in state laws and in the attitudes these laws reflect. Many States, for example, now permit â€Å"living wills,† surrogate health care decisionmaking, and the withdrawal or refusal of life sustaining medical treatment. See Vacco v. Quill, post, at 9-11; 79 F. 3d, at 818-820; People v. Kevorkian, 447 Mich. 436, 478-480, and nn. 53-56, 527 N. W. 2d 714, 731-732, and nn. 53-56 (1994). At the same time, however, voters and legislators continue for the most part to reaffirm their States’ prohibitions on assisting suicide. [pic] 1920 The book â€Å"Permitting the Destruction of Life not Worthy of Life† was published. In this book, authors Alfred Hoche, M. D. , a professor of psychiatry at the University of Freiburg, and Karl Binding, a professor of law from the University of Leipzig, argued that patients who ask for â€Å"death assistance† should, under very carefully controlled conditions, be able to obtain it from a physician. This book helped support involuntary euthanasia by Nazi Germany. [pic] 935 The Euthanasia Society of England was formed to promote euthanasia. [pic] 1939 Nazi Germany (From â€Å"The History Place† web site) â€Å"In October of 1939 amid the turmoil of the outbreak of war Hitler ordered widespread â€Å"mercy killing† of the sick and disabled. Code named â€Å"Aktion T 4,† the Nazi euthanasia program to eliminate â€Å"life unworthy of life† at first focused on newborns and very young children. Midwives and doctors were required to register children up to age three who showed symptoms of mental retardation, physical deformity, or other symptoms included on a questionnaire from the Reich Health Ministry. â€Å"The Nazi euthanasia program quickly expanded to include older disabled children and adults. Hitler’s decree of October, 1939, typed on his personal stationery and back dated to Sept. 1, enlarged ‘the authority of certain physicians to be designated by name in such manner that persons who, according to human judgment, are incurable can, upon a most careful diagnosis of their conditio n of sickness, be accorded a mercy death. ‘† [pic] 1995 Australia’s Northern Territory approved a euthanasia bill It went into effect in 1996 and was overturned by the Australian Parliament in 1997. [pic] 1998 U. S. tate of Oregon legalizes assisted suicide [pic] 1999 Dr. Jack Kevorkian sentenced to a 10-25 year prison term for giving a lethal injection to Thomas Youk whose death was shown on the â€Å"60 Minutes† television program. [pic] 2000 The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia. [pic] 2002 Belgium legalizes euthanasia. [pic] 2008 U. S. state of Washington legalizes assisted suicide Arguments For Euthanasia: †¢ It provides a way to relieve extreme pain †¢ It provides a way of relief when a person’s quality of life is low †¢ Frees up medical funds to help other people †¢ It is another case of freedom of choice Arguments Against Euthanasia: †¢ Euthanasia devalues human life †¢ Euthanasia can become a means of health care cost containment †¢ Physicians and other medical care people should not be involved in directly causing death †¢ There is a â€Å"slippery slope† effect that has occurred where euthanasia has been first been legalized for only   the terminally ill and later laws are changed to allow it for other people or to be done non-voluntarily. Places in the World Where Euthanasia or Assisted Suicide are Legal Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg , Oregon and Washington ORGANIZATIONS AGAINST EUTHANASIA Canada Compassionate Healthcare Network (BC, Canada) †¢ Euthanasia Prevention Coalition (Ontario, Canada) †¢ First International Symposium on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide (2007) US †¢ International Task Force on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide †¢ ADAPT (People with disabilities) (Illinois, USA) †¢ Nightingale Alliance †¢ The Robert Powell Center for Medical Ethics †¢ List of Disability Groups Opposing Assisted Suicide †¢ The Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund †¢ True Compassion Advocates †¢ Californians Against Assisted Suicide (2007) †¢ CURE (Citizens United Resisting Euthanasia) †¢ Views on Euthanasia (Sponsored by CURE) Pro-life Movement Increasingly Takes on Assisted Suicide †¢ Black Americans for Life †¢ Wisconsin Right to Life Assisted Suicide/Euthanasia Page †¢ Pro-Life Colleges and Seminaries †¢ Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund †¢ TASH’s Resolution Opposing the Legalization of Assisted Suicide †¢ Disability Groups Opposing Physician Assisted Suicide †¢ List of Some Groups Opposing Physician Assisted Suicide †¢ Largest U. S. Organization of Latin Americans Opposes Assisted Suicide (2006) †¢ Symposium on Opposing Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia (2007) †¢ Lifeissues. net’s Euthanasia Articles (2008) †¢ Life Tree UK †¢ Care Not Killing †¢ First Do No Harm (By Doctors in the UK) †¢ ALERT (UK) †¢ British Section of the World Federation of Doctors Who Respect Human Life World †¢ World Youth Alliance supports the Duke of Luxembourg’s Decision to Veto Euthanasia Legislation (2008)   †¢ International Euthanasia Symposium Held in Virginia, USA (2009) †¢ Second International Symposium on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, Virginia, USA (2009) †¢ First International Symposium on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, Toronto, Canada (2007) World Federation of Doctors Who Respect Human Life †¢ ORGANIZATIONS FOR EUTHANASIA-Right To Die Organizations †¢ How to cite Euthanasia Outline, Papers

Ideas that Shock the World

Question: Write about theIdeas that Shock the World. Answer: United Nations (UN) is a large body currently comprising of about one hundred and ninety-three member countries. The body is responsible for peacekeeping, environmental conservation, and many other activities. Specifically, United Nations is a program that was formed back in 1945 to help the involved member countries to spread peace through harmony creation. The body for a long time has been involved in talks with the members more so during the time of disasters. Its inception gave the member a sense of security regarding political stabilization and external threats. This motive encouraged several countries to join the program owing to the fact that it was formed right after second war whose end marked a new beginning of suffering to some nations. Depending on the current form of affairs of the U.N questions on whether the united nation is an imperial power or not have arisen. Therefore by critically analyzing the imperialism of the United Nations body, clear understanding of the sub ject will be achieved. The United Nations program is not an imperial power. Imperial power is comprised of indirect and direct rule (Howe, 2002, 15). To be the head of the UN may mean a lot from a personal point of view but the reality is, there is power attached to the entire body. It is divided into various branches that seem to be independent of the other. If at all the UN could be imperial that could imply that there would be no wars and deaths as opposed to what has been experienced for the last decade. Also, there are member nations who continue to suffer under the wings of the United Nations. To understand the concept of United Nations imperialism, it becomes important to note that all the powers of the body are distributed to the five permanent members: United States of America, Russia, China, Great Britain and France (Morgenthau and Nations, 1948, 53). This implies that to have an effective strategy on how to defeat a common enemy, all of the above mentioned super power countries must come to an a greement. Failure to that means the developing nation might suffer in the hands of the United Nations helplessly for a long time. The United Nation is far from becoming an imperial power. For instance, it has been unable to curb the negative motives of the superpower members; therefore, deeming it questionable as far as the welfare of other countries is concerned. It is evident that before joining the United Nations, the United States of America had a hidden agenda that remained unearthed by the UN members (Xanthaki, 2007, 103). Iraq is an oil field that the US has been willing to conquer and acquire. The former US President George W. Bush identified the need to be associated with the UN because he knew that it would lend the legitimacy of the international community. By this is to mean that the United States domination in Iraq was legally acceptable and fair. Due to the incapability of the UN to identify the US strategy, most of the Iraq residents were killed, and the US slaughter in Iraq continues up to date. In short, UN is a body that cannot in any way stand the interest and the powers of superior nations. Moreover, during the Serbia bombing in 1999, Russia and other superpower nations apart from the United States of America remained calm over the issue (Kim, 2015, 16). What followed was the US ignoring the voice of its counterparts and utilizing that opportunity in the name of NATO to conduct severe bombing that claimed so many lives. The steps by Bush to disagree with the UN on the approaches of Iraq indicates how weak the United Nations is in defending and extending its authority for the well being of the member countries. The United Nations weapon inspection program is a means of promoting killings contrary to its goals and objectives during inception. The Move to disarm the residents of Iraq, Palestine, and Afghanistan by the United Nations has been warmly welcomed by the United States there giving them an opportunity to kill anyone who disagrees with them (Lauren, 1996, 44). The weakness of the UN can be traced back in 1991 when it supported the Gulf war. What followed was more severe than massacre witnessed during the time of Idi Amin of Uganda. Research indicates that Iraq was destroyed with most tonnage at a fast rate ever to have been recorded in war history. As a result, more than two hundred thousand Iraqis lost their lives. If UN was superior, it could have stretched the weapon inspection rule in the US. Another failure of the United Nations was witnessed when Italy came forward to invade Abyssinia (Chesterman, 2004, 36). The British decided to show off their superiority when they falsely act ed as if they were lending Abyssinia, a hand. The deal dictated that the Abyssinia would give a portion of their land to the Italians. The fact remains that the British saw this as an opportunity to secure possession in Africa. The latter followed that the whole of Abyssinia was taken by the Italy and Haile Sellassie was entirely expelled yet no action was taken against them. The United Nation program is ineffective. This is supported by the fact that the body for a long time has failed to act according to specifically when crisis happen. In 1968 hijacking of Israel airplane marked a new turn of event in the terrorism arena (Mazower, 2009, 8). The United Nations responded by condemning the act, but no particular action was taken to curbing the vice. This saw terrorists extend their atrocity for a long time due to the quietness of the UN. Later, UN came in and punished the wrong doers. The fact remains that terrorism in Asian continent is a state funded program with the support of most UN members in the region. Failure to hold accountable member countries such as Iran and India remain a great concern. When UN was formed, only the United States of America had managed to have produced nuclear weapons. In the early 1970s, the nonproliferation treaty on the production of the nuclear weapon was passed. This would restrict the super power and other nations from producing nuclear warheads that threatened the welfare of the citizens. Currently, the proliferation treaty has been ignored and countries such as North Korea, US and Israel continue manufacturing such weapons therefore exposing UN failure to enforce its rules. The bloody civil war that was witnessed in Sri Lanka between 1983 and 2009 again proved the United Nations inferiority. The battle comprised of the government forces against the separatist's Tamil Tigers (Louis, 1978, 1943). According to the research, one hundred and ninety-six people were compelled to flee while about fifty thousand civilians were trapped. Due to the intensity of the war that went on claiming many lives, a group of experts staged a need to have the United Nations head of human right to have a say on the issue (Call, 2008, 1499). Unfortunately, UN secretary general Ban Ki-moon appreciated the fact that he was shocked by the situation but he did not conduct any intervention to help the suffering civilians. The UN peacekeepers for a long time have been condemned for child sex abuse incidents. It is evident that people see the soldiers in their helmets that are postulated to be a sign of peace. Unfortunately, this appeared different from the expectations of many nations in the early and late 19090s.Studies show that countries such as Haiti and Bosnia recorded a high rate of child sex abuse by the peacekeepers that rewarded young girls with small coins (Gilley, 2006, 514). The senior leaders in the United Nations did not condemn the claiming that it would hinder other nations from uniting the peacekeeping groups. Conclusively, it is evident that the United Nations is not an imperial power. It is true that the UN follows some laid procedures that guide their actions. Apart from that, the body has been depicted as weak in monitoring the actions of the NATO group. Therefore, it is crucial for the UN to revise its rules and implement them fully for the wellbeing of its citizens. References Call, C.T., 2008. The fallacy of the Failed State.Third World Quarterly,29(8), pp.1491-1507. This analyzes the civil war. Specifically Sri Lanka is discussed Chesterman, S., 2004.You, the people: the United Nations, transitional administration, and state-building. Oxford University Press on Demand. The reference illuminates on the steps UN has taken to achieve transitions. History of the UN failure to control NATOs Great Britain and Italy is analysed. Gilley, B., 2006. The meaning and measure of state legitimacy: Results for 72 countries.European Journal of Political Research,45(3), pp.499-525. The source critically highlights how the UN members break the rules of the program. In this case child abuse is highlighted Howe, S., 2002.Empire: A very short introduction. OUP Oxford. The article explains the meaning of imperialism.It explains who the imperialist is. Kim, S.S., 2015.China, the United Nations and world order. Princeton University Press.The reference illustrates the UN activities in china. There is also mention of US war superiority in Asia Lauren, P.G., 1996.Power and prejudice: the politics and diplomacy of racial discrimination. Westview Press. Racial discrimination is highlighted.US is discussed in deep regarding deaths of Iraqis Louis, W.R., 1978.Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941-1945. New York: Oxford University Press. The source emphasizes on US superiority. This is in terms of deadly weapon contrary to UN rules. Mazower, M., 2009.No enchanted palace: the end of empire and the ideological origins of the United Nations. Princeton University Press. This reference highlights weaknesses of UN. Failure to combat terrorism is discussed. Morgenthau, H. and Nations, P.A., 1948. The struggle for power and peace.Nova York, Alfred Kopf. The reference specifies the UN members. It highlights five NATO members. Xanthaki, A., 2007.Indigenous rights and United Nations standards: self-determination, culture and land(Vol. 52). Cambridge University Press. This explains the guidelines of UN body. There is also mention of US self interest in the UN program